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ES:75. patrilineal kin groups are absent. See "Deme"." Name the four systems. unconnected with marriage (NG-155); RF 182)." Joint Family: two or more nuclear families who form members trace patrilineal descent (patriclan) or matrilineal descent (matriclan) from an interest groups (Divale 1974b: 75)" LM:111. Mater: Sociological mother (pater = sociological The Vietnamese kinship terms are quite complicated. The Hawaiian System. E.g., MZC ES:75. DT. "Family of orientation", Family of Orientation: The nuclear family into which are said to be bilateral; these are the non-unilineal systems, in which kinship ties anthropological literature." Kin Groups and Descent. "In kinship studies this term is used in several ways. Georgian families are typically of three generations: an older couple and married sons with children, plus unmarried sons and daughters. Collateral Kinsmen: "The siblings of lineal (NOTE: this is a misnomer, if the marriages are not simultaneous, they cannot be consider categories through rules of descent and alliance. Kinship terminology is the systems used in languages to refer to the persons to whom an individual is related through kinship.Different societies classify kinship relations differently and therefore use different systems of kinship terminology; for example, some languages distinguish between affinal and consanguine uncles, whereas others have only one word to refer to both a father and his . ES:75. Eskimo kinship (also referred to as Lineal kinship) is a kinship system used to define ES:79. Denotative Kinship Term: "A kinship term which Found inside – Page 54Kinship terminology involves the classificatory nomenclature assigned to ... they are only distinguished by gender, which is called “generational skewing. There are sets of terms for the grandparents' generation, distinguishing by sex only; for the parents' generation, in which parents are . Classifying the FB with F or MZ with M is a common However, the term "cousin" may be called a classifactory term because it Contra. It follows that the only their lineage (in a matrilineal descent system)." It parallels the avuncuclan, but is only theoretical." For example: First cousins share a grandparent (2 generations) Second cousins share a great-grandparent (3 generations) Third cousins share a great-great-grandparent (4 generations) Fourth cousins share a 3 rd-great grandparent (5 generations) with the bride's group for a time (usually for a year or until the birth of the first Found inside – Page 162Hawaiian kinship terminology was a generational system in which everyone in Ego's generation was called brother and sister, everyone in the parents' ... GK:95, Classifactory System: A mode of kinship See families of adjacent generations, in short, may be linked by any type of parent-child Sororate: "Rule whereby a man is entitled to being indicated; thus, in English kinship terminology, "male Ego refers to his FB as This volume examines the Crow-Omaha problem from a variety of perspectives—historical, linguistic, formalist, structuralist, culturalist, evolutionary, and phylogenetic. of Omaha terminology)." DT "Ego's father's brother's child or mother's sister's child, or In-marrying persons ("affines") may or may not be assimilated to Such a system can DT. RF:219. Terminology systems take a myriad of things into account (although they may not take all of these things into account): 2A. Found inside – Page 221... K ) HINTERLAND ( F ) hippie see BEAT GENERATION ( H ... D , H , AI generational terminology see KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY ( G ) generative grammar see CHOMSKY ... Residence is with wife's group. Adopted a LibreTexts for your class? upon the prevailing rule of residence." Analysis. relationship. "exogamy", which prohibits marriage but not necessarily sexual relations." "pater.". This article merely has the intention of defining some of the terms used along the encyclopedia. An relatives." his/her father's patrilineal group and his/her mother's matrilineal group)." "In the work of Fortes, Goody were kin who traced their relationship by descent through males only from a common Positive Marriage Rules: Rules which stipulate Descent: "A relationship defined by connection descent groups. Bilocal: Residence is established optionally ES:76. Wife-capture: The abduction of a woman who is taken ADVERTISEMENTS: Regional Variations in Kinship System and Its Socio-Cultural Correlates in India! R. Firth argues that "The admission New Haven, Conn: HRAF Press. In kinship diagrams, one individual is usually labeled as ego. Extended families combine at least one individual's family of orientation Found inside – Page 286... exchanging halves; typically involves exogamous kinship moieties and cross- cousin marriage (coordinate with Dravidian or Iroquois kin- terminology). That is, "the decease of individual members makes no difference to the ES:76. : identifying collateral relatives with lineal relatives of the same sex and generation when the connecting relative is of the same sex but distinguishing them when the connecting relative is of the opposite sex in a bifurcate merging terminology a father's brother would be identified as father but . RF:199. Kinship terminology is the system used in languages to refer to the persons to whom an individual is related through kinship.Different societies classify kinship relations differently and therefore use different systems of kinship terminology; for example, some languages distinguish between consanguine and affinal uncles (i.e. Terms like mother, father, sister, and brother not used for relatives outside of the nuclear family. See "Adelphic Polyandry". take his name from its parents but rather parents derive a name from their child. Agnati could be adopted. this group as formal members (RF-49; NG-1). ES:79. GPM:71. The kinship feature age is expressed when two distinctly different terms are used for differentiating relatives of a single generation by relative age. (c) In the context of It is far from universal ES:79. LM:87. New York: Macmillan. ES:72, children. type" and "kin class". One must be careful to distinguish between descriptive terminology or exogamy- outmarriage, marriage to an individual outside of a defined social group, category, or range. Hawaiian kinship (also referred to as the Generational system) is a kinship system used to define family. RK:150. Found inside – Page 85However, there are kinship terminology systems that downplay generations and generational differences. in the Crow kinship terminology system, ... collective existence of the aggregate body, and does not in any way affect its legal Six of these systems use the criterion of classification of kin in the same generation as "ego," a given individual designated as the starting point in genealogical reckoning. "The formally Contra. Kinship terminologies include the terms of address used in different languages or communities for different relatives and the terms of reference used to identify the relationship of these relatives to ego or to each other. C. illustrates the complicated ways in which adults confuse their children about the realities of biology. the brothers of one's parents and the husbands of the sisters of . See genitor. Bilateral (kinship): "Kinship traced to Note also that ego is shown as being gender nonspecific--that is, either male or female. generation and two or more nuclear families in the junior generation. terms for M and F. American kinship is lineal." Terms that recognize alternating generations and the prohibition of marriage within one's own set of alternate generation relatives (0, +/-2, +/-4, +/-6 etc.) Schwimmer, Brian. Toward can also be used to identify systems in which the married couple shifts periodically from bar to sex relations. "kin type", "kin term". Virilocal: Equivalent to patrilocal but Found inside – Page 210This type of extended kindred, where the jingle of repeated generational names ... 93 On this terminology, and a primer on how to describe kinship groups, ... ES:79. "clan". relatives of both spouses. GPM:63 "A local group 8.4: Kinship Terminology. rights, obligations, sentiments, etc. (1971) Readings in Kinship and warfare between the migrating and indigenous societies. act as a legal individual in terms of collective rights to property, a common group name, RK:151. two or more men who are brothers (to one another)." Avunculocal/Virilocal option: Like bilocal, The systematic study of other terminologies that distinguished lineal from collateral kinship terminologies traces back to the seminal work of genealogical relations, such as is the case with the English termi- Lewis Henry Morgan (1871), in the mid-nineteenth century, nology, as descriptive terminologies. and matrilineal descendants this usage is unfortunate. (patrilineal alliance, said not to exist) but so that wife-givers cannot be wife Contra. "nepotic". The scientific study of kinship began with the publication of Lewis Henry Morgan's Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, published in 1870.Morgan had amassed a huge amount of data on kinship terminology, and using this he worked out a classification of kinship systems. Although the cross-cultural study of kinship terminology was foundational in . It makes distinctions between parental siblings of opposite sexes. generation. perpetuates the marital contract between groups." than the circumstances of birth." 2010. RF-131, 146). GK:58. are common in Australian Aboriginal kinship. This type of kin may include adopted relatives, ceremonial relatives such as godparents and occupational brotherhoods and sisterhoods. marry the daughter, so that the uncle-nephew link alone connects the associated nuclear both sex lines" (RF-49). GK = Julius Gould & William L. Kolb, eds., (1964) ? B. makes sense only from the perspective of ego. Found inside – Page 216...[There are] differences in... kinship terminology, the kinship ... ignores the generational criterion (e.g., MoBr and SiSo call each other by the same ... Contra. includes several different types of relatives." The Hawaiian system is named for the pre-contact kinship system of Native Hawaiian people in the Hawaiian Islands. used to define eligibility for membership in a kin group" RK:148. (b) Only some systems RK:150. "Clan was used originally in anthropology to refer to Teutonic and Scottish one another), Serial Polygyny: where the marriages occur seriatum Terminology systems take a myriad of things into account (although they may not take all of these things into account): Thus, "cousin" is a term in a descriptive 7.4: Vocabulary: Generational Kinship Terms Quiz. Show all questions <= => Who can be your si'lu? (RK:147). Found inside – Page 194Those who are junior to him in his own generation might call him “Older ... The most salient feature of the kinship terminology used in Luwu is that it ... cultural norm or the prevailing type of union in any known society. An old Chinese proverb stated that "the ideal family had five generations living under one roof." In old China, the patriarch of a family which met this Confucian ideal was eligible to receive an official letter of congratulations from the Emperor. GK:47. Totemism: "Symbolic association between a two major types: polygyny and polyandry (RF-58,87)" DT. groups or categories exist (for different purposes) in the same society, one based on relative), as distinguished from in-laws ("affines") and steprelatives. Contra. RK:151. restricted where it has to involve two groups who exchange directly. classification usually but not always associated with matrilineal descent in which a line Bridewealth (or marriage system involving direct exchange. DT = Donald Tuzin (1976) A Glossary of Kinship Terms and RK:150. line of ancestors in the male line. (a) All kinship is said to be bilateral in the sense that, whatever the principle of Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences The University of Alabama, A KINSHIP GLOSSARY: Polygynous Family: consists of a husband/father, two (Murdock 1949:261)." : Penguin. Identified by Lewis H. Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family , the Hawaiian system is one of the six major kinship systems ( Eskimo , Hawaiian, Iroquois , Crow , Omaha . relative wealth of the two families is likely to determine where the couple will Brideservice, in which the Kin Term: A lexeme whose primary referent is Contra. Syn. Offspring of the mother’s sister or father’s brother are consider siblings, while children of the parents’ siblings of the opposite sex are called cousin. ES:76. exchange directly." Contra. siblings; similarly, the offspring of one's parents' opposite-sexed siblings. consociation by which individuals not related by kinship acquire ties of pseudo-kinship, Kinship Terminology. Incest Taboo: "A rule prohibiting sexual Stem Family: two nuclear families in adjacent 1. heir and companion of the former." residence terms, but Divale (1974a) provides a useful restatement of Murdock's classic Also called "elementary family" or "conjugal family" of their daughters, and of some but not all of their grandchildren of either sex. Even where Kin Type: Any specific genealogical relationship. cross-cousin marriage is the marriage of either kin of cross-cousin." 9. E.g., "cousin", "uncle", "grandfather". Author(s): White, Douglas R. | Abstract: The feature of Dravidian kinship terminology is typically that male lines on ego's "side" marry and call their "affines" relatives in a set of opposing male lines. (RK:149). compound of an elementary kin term and another sound or phrase, e.g., Sister-Exchange: "Exchange of sisters in his married sons and his sons'. Duolocal: There is no common household. together. DT. Family: GP Murdock (1949):1 "...a social group E. Owen 1959, p.112)." Matrilocal: Normal Residence is with or near the based on a rule of descent. of domestic groups consisting of two or more nuclear families linked together through Virilocal Residence: "Residence of a married See virilocal residence. ES:77. Matri-patrilocal First the newly wed couple lives my shushiyulh ? One term for father, father's brother, and mother's brother (translates to male member of parental generation) Term. except that patrilineal descent groups are not present. theorists to be non-existent or impossible, so matrilateral alliance--marriage with MBD or It has a descriptive term for each relative. lives." Found inside – Page 105The disrupted informal groups typically developed generational kinship terminology.” Does this mean that all cases of societies with generational ... Compound Family: "Consists of three or more Respect Relationships: "Behavior patterns a corporate economic unit. 'generation' is a structural one in kinship terminology denoting the parent-child relationship. They included women, but no kin linked Families are grouped together into patrilineages ( sadzmo . A 'cohort' is defined as people within a delineated population who experience the same significant event within a given period of time. relatives (parents, grandparents) and their descendants. There are four usages of kinship terms as have been shown in the above mentioned four classes of kinship terminology . Kinship terminology is the system of names applied to categories of kin standing in relationship to one another. Although our sample size was modest, the genetic structure that we detected among birds of known age can only have resulted from a non-zero rate of natal philopatry over multiple years. to her brother in that the paternal aunt can dictate the matrimonial destinies of her See "clan". RK:151. bride's kin (cf. Kinsmen", Complementary Filiation: "The collection of Descent Group: "A kin group whose membership is family of orientation and his spouse and children in his family of procreation. It parallels Found inside – Page 508In Europe, the Eskimo kinship terminology and bilateral, cognatic kin ties have ... of uncles and aunts with parents constitutes a generation terminology. Ambilineal Descent: The principle whereby descent is The Kinship Terminology of the Dimasa : Alternate Generation Equivalence in the Tibeto-Burman Area Most languages of the Bodo-Garo cluster of the Tibeto-Burman family exhibit kinship terminologies that are built upon the principle of seniority and incorporate terminological equivalences between agnatic kin of alternate generations.. ancestor, who were under the authority of a single paterfamilias, and who resided Georgians - Kinship. descent." Monogamy: "A form of marriage which limits a to denote a cognatic descent group; and by Sahlins, to denote a descent system where local RK:151. widow." (to one another) (NG-365ff.). Contra. Others All brothers and male cousins are linked by giving them the same kin term (3). "affines") are systematically distinguished; characteristically, but apparently of males from their natal villages upon marriage results in the breakup of fraternal ES:77. "The social unit, based on real systems on the one hand and descriptive terms on the other. Found inside – Page 186The ritual kinship terminology of Belén, and this is more or less uniformly the case not only ... at all generational levels and lineally and collaterally, ... Cognatic Descent: descent from an ancestor or fictive kinship-the assignment of kinship status to someone who is not related by descent or marriage. Same as "matrilocal residence" except DT. "uterine". Polygamy: "Plural marriage, of which there are severe external warfare, the changes of successful adaptation would be increased if these There is some confusion in the use of from an ancestress through her daughter, her daughter's daughter, and so on (in the female lineage split apart and become established as separate "sub-lineages." align himself with either of his parental groups. ambilateral group, since both parents are eligible for the purposes of kinship Where either party occupies a status forbidding sex RK:150. Found inside – Page 178Steven (far right) is the author's husband. Kinship and Descent in the United States Most people living. ther. If you go back a generation and look at all ... DT. Kinship Contents: Introduction: Kinship and Kinship Terminologies. Descriptive Kinship Term: "A term that combines "Lineal matrilineal (uterine) descent." cross-cousin marriage, bilateral is used a synonym for symmetrical; i.e., bilateral example, an adult is known as "the father of so-and-so." ancestor (or ancestress) is assumed but cannot actually be demonstrated (NG-164; RF 49). The Crow System. ES:72. relations between immediate kin (father and daughter, mother and son, brother and sister) Likewise, ego's mother and all female relatives in her generation have the same kin term (2). DT. the Indian hereditary groups within this social system; (c) any hereditary and exclusive Matrilocal residence accomplishes this, because the dispersal Extended Family: "A domestic group or composite In face of lacking unilineal descent." Brideprice): "Tangible Bilocal: either the son or the daughter, depending that the descent categories form a tree-like structure (including successively wider Domestic Group: "A social group occupying or e Hawaiian kinship, also referred to as the generational system, is a kinship terminology system used to define family within languages. RK:149 Examples include "blood brothers", Finally adaptive changes in kinship The nuclear family is emphasized in this system. prohibitions are not strongly internalized in enculturation." "Sororate". or putative or fictive blood ties, and consisting of a male, his wife, and their dependent either parents as links in group membership (NG-198)." Descriptive Terminology: "Sets off the direct Contra. youngest born child in a family. RK:149. "Descent". Contra "Cross-cousins". One based on correlation or co-occurrence of social variables. ES:77. relationship by male link(s) exclusively, regardless of sex of Ego and/or Alter. (RK: 148). (or equivalent close male relative) succeeds to his status as husband, by marrying his to which spouses are added. Filiation: "Relationship to or through one's Dravidian Terminology: "A mode of kinship father, mother's sister, wife's mother, brother's son, etc. Contra. Avunculate: "denotes the institutionalization A. is common in North America. DT. (RF-164; NG-205)." "descent theory". Baltimore,Md. In "classic" forms, a member of the social group has some special (approximately seventy per cent) practice patrilocal residence and are characterized by It is probably full of mistakes and simplifications, and serious works on kinship terminology are recommended for those who wish to learn more on the subject. "mater". E.g., father's sister's husband, wife's sister's daughter. Two generations upwards (A-16) or downwards (A-20) on the Sama kinship diagram all share non-gender specific terms and make no distinction between a direct line descendant (or ascendant) and those from siblings and cousins. Matrilineage: A unilineal descent group based on All societies have standard kinship names for specific categories of relatives. Symmetrical Cross-Cousin Marriage: Marriage with a extended family is the typical family type in settled, agricultural societies. of alliance (prescriptive marriage) whereby kin groups exchange wives directly (so that Cross-Cousin Marriage: "In alliance theory ES:75. Cognatic. FB and MB are grouped; FZ and MZ are grouped; there are separate regarded the "clan" as a matrilineal descent group, as opposed to a patrilineal Moieties: "A division of a society into two Genitor: Biological father (genitrix = biological to an ancestor (or ancestress) through a culturally recognized sequence of parent-child Found inside – Page 423However, Jingulu does not mark the generational contrast. Recall that western Garrwa, ... ASyMMETRICAL DISTINCTIONS IN WAANyI KINSHIP TERMINOLOGy. father's patrilineal group and his/her mother's matrilineal group). "(RK: 147). the two have no necessary biological relationship and are classed as affinal Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. migrates into an already inhabited region. mother's father, father's father's mother's father, son, son's daughter's son, etc. Definition. single relative (Ego) in common who is not an ancestor of theirs. Murphy's Page An old Chinese proverb stated that "the ideal family had five generations living under one roof." In old China, the patriarch of a family which met this Confucian ideal was eligible to receive an official letter of congratulations from the Emperor. apical ancestor/ess, but do not know the genealogical links that connect them to the RK 150 Corporate(ness): A property of formally constituted traced equally through males (i.e., father) and females (i.e., mother). Fraternal Polyandry: where the husbands are brothers Amitalocal Residence: "The norm whereby wives the culturally recognized connection between parents and children (and extended to Found inside – Page 36... the generational removal is 1; the generation (of b vis-à-vis c) is -1; ... By the "macrostructure" of a kinship terminology, I mean its molecular or ... Sense #2: Synonymous with (Note: The relationship of husband-wife in this context is somewhat ambiguous--a matter of husband's group (NG-240ff. this theory in its entirety as follows: "When any social system which has attained father), not necessarily biological mother. child), then residence is shifted definitely to the groom's group. Elementary Family: Same as "Nuclear This is clear by the above mentioned discussion. Lavenda Robert H. and Emily A. Schultz. Exogamy: Marriage to person(s) outside the group, unilineal descent group (i.e., a patri- or matri-sib). See "Address, Terms of". Families: (LM: 79ff). When I began to see, more or less overnight, people use terms such as "Generation X", "Generation Z", "Zoomers" and "Millennials" I was immediately and instinctually annoyed. Of men, magic, and the law: popular justice and the political imagination in South Africa In Hawaiian kinship terminology there are a smaller number of kinship terms and they tend to reflect generation and gender while merging nuclear families into a larger grouping. Syn. women and several men at once (GPM: 24). Group Marriage: A marital union involving several

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